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Country analysis

Bangladesh


In 2024, around 38 million people in Bangladesh need humanitarian assistance. An estimated 35 million face moderate to severe chronic food insecurity – i.e. Moderate (IPC Level 3) or Severe (IPC Level 4) levels. The main drivers include the impact of frequent climate disasters, such as floods and tropical cyclones, unsustainable livelihood sources that generate inadequate and unpredictable income, and low levels of physical, financial, and human capital.

The high prices of essential goods, including fuel and food, persistently high inflation rates, and currency depreciation reduce people’s purchasing power. Reduced levels of foreign reserves to finance imports, a surge in loan defaults, and customs evasion and money laundering also put pressure on the country’s economy.

Bangladesh hosts more than 970,000 Rohingya refugees. The country is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and registers the Rohingya as forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals. They lack formal legal status, face extreme movement restrictions, and are not permitted to legally work. The Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar is entirely dependent on humanitarian assistance. Insecurity and violence, overcrowding and a lack of privacy, and inadequate WASH facilities characterise camp conditions.

(IPC 15/06/2022, IPC 01/06/2023, Prothom Alo 17/10/2023, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, ACAPS 30/08/2022)

In 2024, around 38 million people in Bangladesh need humanitarian assistance. An estimated 35 million face moderate to severe chronic food insecurity – i.e. Moderate (IPC Level 3) or Severe (IPC Level 4) levels. The main drivers include the impact of frequent climate disasters, such as floods and tropical cyclones, unsustainable livelihood sources that generate inadequate and unpredictable income, and low levels of physical, financial, and human capital.

The high prices of essential goods, including fuel and food, persistently high inflation rates, and currency depreciation reduce people’s purchasing power. Reduced levels of foreign reserves to finance imports, a surge in loan defaults, and customs evasion and money laundering also put pressure on the country’s economy.

Bangladesh hosts more than 970,000 Rohingya refugees. The country is not a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and registers the Rohingya as forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals. They lack formal legal status, face extreme movement restrictions, and are not permitted to legally work. The Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar is entirely dependent on humanitarian assistance. Insecurity and violence, overcrowding and a lack of privacy, and inadequate WASH facilities characterise camp conditions.

(IPC 15/06/2022, IPC 01/06/2023, Prothom Alo 17/10/2023, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, ACAPS 30/08/2022)

Latest updates on country situation

24 June 2024

Heavy rainfall in late May and June 2024 has resulted in floods in northeastern Bangladesh. The floods have affected more than two million people. According to a media source, around 53,000 people were residing in shelter centres on 22 June. The affected population, especially the displaced, have immediate needs for food, potable water, access to WASH facilities, and healthcare services. (BRAC 23/06/2024, CARE 21/06/2024, The Daily Star 23/06/2024)

24 June 2024

On 19 June 2024, heavy rainfall led to landslides and flooding in the Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar. These have affected around 14,500 refugees, including around 3,650 displaced and ten deaths, damaged around 1,450 shelters and 1,250 basic infrastructure (including WASH facilities), and destroyed around 30 shelters. (ISCG 24/06/2024, STC 20/06/2024)

04 June 2024

Cyclone Remal has left at least 1.3 million people needing humanitarian assistance. Nearly 45% of these are in Pirojpur and Khulna districts. The cyclone has destroyed 40,000 houses and damaged 133,000, likely displacing 170,000 people. Affected people, especially the displaced, urgently need ready-to-eat or cooked food, cooking utensils, fuel, potable water, adequate shelter, and housing repair assistance. The cyclone has also destroyed 26,000 WASH facilities (tube wells and latrines) and damaged 129,000, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases, such as diarrhoea. There is an urgent need to restore WASH facilities, deliver WASH and dignity kits, and provide healthcare support. Initial estimates indicate that nearly half of the standing crops and nearly a quarter of the local food storage in the assessed districts have been damaged. Affected farmers need agriculture inputs and emergency livelihood support. (CARE 31/05/2024, UNICEF 02/06/2024, IFRC 29/05/2024)

28 May 2024

On 26 May 2024, Tropical Cyclone Remal made landfall in Patuakhali district of Bangladesh. The cyclone affected 3.7 million people and by 28 May had displaced around 800,000 in Bangladesh. The cyclone also destroyed around 35,500 houses and damaged 115,000. Immediate needs include shelter, food, potable water, WASH facilities, and healthcare services. (ECHO 28/05/2024, MODMR 28/05/2024, Prothom Alo 28/05/2024)

24 May 2024

On 24 May 2024, fire at a Rohingya refugee camp in Ukhia upazila, Cox’s Bazar district, destroyed or damaged around 220 shelters and damaged 54 WASH facilities and two child-friendly spaces. The fire displaced around 1,000 refugees to communal facilities and other refugee shelters. The humanitarian response is underway. (ECHO 26/05/2024)

19 March 2024

In 2024, around one million registered Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh require humanitarian assistance. Close to 943,000 refugees live in the camps in Ukhia and Teknaf subdistricts in Cox’s Bazar district, while nearly 34,000 live on the island of Bhasan Char in Hatiya subdistrict. Nearly 95% of the refugees are dependent on humanitarian assistance. The most commonly reported needs include access to food, protection, shelter materials, energy solutions, and cooking items. The food security situation has deteriorated. To cope, the refugees are purchasing less preferred and less expensive food, borrowing food or relying on support from friends or relatives, reducing meal size and quantity, buying food on credit, or borrowing money. Women and children make up nearly 80% of the refugee population. They face the risk of abuse, exploitation, and gender-based violence and have heightened protection concerns. (ISCG et al. 13/03/2024, ISCG et al. 28/02/2024, UNHCR 17/03/2024)

07 January 2024

On 7 January, a fire in a Rohingya refugee camp in Ukhia, Cox’s Bazar, destroyed nearly 750 shelters. It damaged or destroyed around 120 facilities, including learning centres, mosques, and healthcare centres, displacing 5,000 Rohingya refugees. They are temporarily residing in community centres or homes of other community members. (UNHCR 07/01/2024, UNHCR 09/01/2024, IOM 06/12/2018)

current crises
in Bangladesh


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

 

BGD013 - Cyclone Remal in Bangladesh

Last updated 20/06/2024


Drivers

Cyclone
Floods

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

2.6 Medium

Access constraints

2.0

BGD012 - Chronic Food Security Crisis in Bangladesh

Last updated 20/06/2024


Drivers

Food Security
Socio-political
Cyclone
Floods
Other seasonal event

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

3.6 High

Access constraints

2.0

BGD001 - Country Level

Last updated 20/06/2024


Drivers

Conflict
Violence
Displacement
Floods

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4 High

Access constraints

3.0

BGD002 - Rohingya Refugees

Last updated 20/06/2024


Drivers

Conflict
Violence
Displacement

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

3.2 High

Access constraints

2.0

REG011 - Rohingya Regional Crisis

Last updated 17/06/2024


Drivers


Crisis level

Regional

Severity level

4.1 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

Analysis products
on Bangladesh

Bangladesh: impact of tropical cyclone remal

12 June 2024

Bangladesh: impact of tropical cyclone remal

DOCUMENT / PDF / 381 KB

On 26 May 2024, Cyclone Remal, the first of the March-July cyclone season, made landfall near the Mongla and Khepupara coasts, in the Khulna and Barishal divisions of Bangladesh. By 2 June, the cyclone and subsequent flooding had resulted in widespread destruction across 19 districts, affecting an estimated 4.6 million people.

Natural hazards
Global increase of cholera: aggravated by vaccine shortage and El Niño

28 May 2024

Global increase of cholera: aggravated by vaccine shortage and El Niño

DOCUMENT / PDF / 341 KB

This report highlights the key contributing factors and aggravating conditions that can increase the global prevalence of cholera, focusing particularly on the impact of the global OCV shortage that is heightening humanitarian needs among affected populations and those vulnerable to spread. 

HealthNatural hazards
Bangladesh: 2023 dengue outbreak

26 September 2023

Bangladesh: 2023 dengue outbreak

DOCUMENT / PDF / 1 MB

Bangladesh is experiencing its largest and most severe dengue outbreak since the country began compiling data on cases in 2000. As at 16 September 2023, nearly 167,700 confirmed dengue cases were reported, exceeding by over 66,300 the previous highest record of around 101,300 for the entire 2019.

Health
Impact of Cyclone Mocha

23 May 2023

Impact of Cyclone Mocha

DOCUMENT / PDF / 931 KB

On 14 May 2023, the extremely severe cyclonic storm Mocha made landfall between Cox’s Bazar in Bangladesh and Kyaukpyu township in Myanmar. The cyclone caused significant damage to critical infrastructure, houses, and shelters in western and northern Myanmar, and in Bangladesh’s southeastern Chattogram division. 

Natural hazards

Attached resources

Rising violence, insecurity, and protection concerns in Cox’s Bazar refugee camps

12 May 2023

Rising violence, insecurity, and protection concerns in Cox’s Bazar refugee camps

DOCUMENT / PDF / 744 KB

There are about 931,000 registered Rohingya refugees living in the camps of Ukhia and Teknaf upazilas in Cox’s Bazar. Nearly 30,000 registered Rohingya refugees have been relocated and are living in houses in Bhasan Char, an island off the Bangladeshi coast. 

Protection

Attached resources

View more

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