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Country analysis

Myanmar


Post-February 2021 coup conflict and longstanding localised conflicts between armed forces (the Tatmadaw) and ethnic armed organisations, widespread and systemic violence, political and economic instability, and natural hazards such as cyclones and floods drive the humanitarian situation in Myanmar.

Its ethnically diverse population was under military rule from 1962–2011; the military shared power with the Government through the 2008 constitution until 1 February 2021, when the Tatmadaw staged a military coup, declaring fraud in the November 2020 multiparty general elections that the National League for Democracy won.

The coup has since internally displaced nearly 2.3 million. In 2024, 18.6 million people are projected to need humanitarian assistance. The country has nearly 2.6 million IDPs, and more than a million have been displaced to Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Protection is a key concern, as armed conflict and international humanitarian law violations by the Tatmadaw and armed groups continue to affect civilians. Access to basic services is limited. Conflict and a lack of economic opportunities threaten livelihoods, particularly for the stateless Rohingya in Rakhine.

The country is facing soaring poverty and high food insecurity levels, with an estimated 12.9 million people facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2024.

(AOAV 01/02/2022, CFR accessed 04/02/2024, UNHCR 23/01/2024, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, OCHA 18/12/2023)

Post-February 2021 coup conflict and longstanding localised conflicts between armed forces (the Tatmadaw) and ethnic armed organisations, widespread and systemic violence, political and economic instability, and natural hazards such as cyclones and floods drive the humanitarian situation in Myanmar.

Its ethnically diverse population was under military rule from 1962–2011; the military shared power with the Government through the 2008 constitution until 1 February 2021, when the Tatmadaw staged a military coup, declaring fraud in the November 2020 multiparty general elections that the National League for Democracy won.

The coup has since internally displaced nearly 2.3 million. In 2024, 18.6 million people are projected to need humanitarian assistance. The country has nearly 2.6 million IDPs, and more than a million have been displaced to Bangladesh, India, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Protection is a key concern, as armed conflict and international humanitarian law violations by the Tatmadaw and armed groups continue to affect civilians. Access to basic services is limited. Conflict and a lack of economic opportunities threaten livelihoods, particularly for the stateless Rohingya in Rakhine.

The country is facing soaring poverty and high food insecurity levels, with an estimated 12.9 million people facing moderate to severe food insecurity in 2024.

(AOAV 01/02/2022, CFR accessed 04/02/2024, UNHCR 23/01/2024, UNHCR accessed 04/02/2024, OCHA 18/12/2023)

Latest updates on country situation

04 July 2024

Severe weather during the 2024 monsoon season, including heavy rainfall and floods, amid armed conflict between the military junta and resistance forces has heightened humanitarian needs in Sagaing region. This is especially the case in Kale township, where 92,000 IDPs urgently need food, shelter, and other essential relief items and services. (OCHA 01/07/2024, AHA Centre 04/07/2024)

04 July 2024

Heavy monsoon rainfall since late June 2024 has caused floods in northern Myanmar, especially in Kachin state. By 4 July, the impact had displaced around 26,400 people, many of whom the conflict between the junta and Kachin Independence Army had already previously displaced. The most flood-affected townships include Chipwi, Myintkyina, Tanai, and Waimaw. Fuel and boat shortages, as well as insecurity, constrain humanitarian assistance for the flood-affected people. (ECHO 04/07/2024, RFA 04/07/2024, UCA News 04/07/2024)

03 July 2024

Armed conflict between the Myanmar military junta forces, along with some armed groups, and the Arakan Army increased the number of post-coup IDPs in Rakhine state by more than 150,000 from May–June, taking the total in the state to over 510,000. The displaced immediately need food, potable water, shelter, and other necessities. The conflict has also aggravated protection concerns, including by increasing intercommunal tensions. This puts Rohingya communities at risk of increased violence, incidents of violence against women, and arson attacks against civilians. Road and waterway closures have led to severe humanitarian activity disruptions, restrictions on the movement of supplies within and from outside the state, mobile and internet network shutdowns or instability, and the looting and occupation of humanitarian facilities, including a UN agency warehouse that was later burnt. Conflict escalation and access restrictions have also suspended medical humanitarian activities in Buthidaung, Maungdaw, and Rathedaung townships. (OCHA 01/07/2024, Mizzima 18/06/2024, AJ 21/05/2024)

24 June 2024

By 17 June 2024, armed conflict between the military junta and armed resistance groups since May had increased the number of post-coup IDPs in Kachin state by nearly 47,000, taking the total in the state to around 180,000. Those displaced need shelter, WASH, food, and protection assistance. Humanitarians are facing severe access constraints because of armed conflict and administrative restrictions in the state. (UNICEF 17/06/2024, UNHCR 20/06/2024, KNG 20/06/2024)

22 May 2024

On 17 May 2024, a mass arson attack burnt the vast majority of the homes of Rohingya people in Buthidaung township of Rakhine state, displacing them in the thousands. They urgently need food, potable water, healthcare and WASH services, and shelter. (ECHO 22/05/2024, BROUK 21/05/2024)

14 May 2024

Between the end of April and 13 May 2024, fighting between military junta forces and armed resistance groups displaced around 10,000 people from Mansi, Momauk, and Sumprabum townships in Kachin state. Based on past displacements, these people urgently need food, potable water, and NFIs, such as jerrycans. (OCHA 14/05/2024)

07 May 2024

In April 2024, the number of IDPs in Kayin state increased by around 75,000, reaching 261,000 on 29 April, as a result of intense conflict between the military junta forces and armed resistance groups. Urgent needs among the IDPs include food, potable water, medical supplies, and shelter materials. (UNHCR 02/05/2024, UNHCR 01/05/2024, RFA 23/04/2023)

current crises
in Myanmar


These crises have been identified through the INFORM Severity Index, a tool for measuring and comparing the severity of humanitarian crises globally.

Read more about the Index

MMR004 - Post-coup conflict

Last updated 27/06/2024


Drivers

Violence
Socio-political
Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4.6 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR001 - Country level

Last updated 27/06/2024


Drivers

Socio-political
Conflict
Violence

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4.6 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR002 - Rakhine conflict

Last updated 27/06/2024


Drivers

Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

4 High

Access constraints

5.0

MMR003 - Kachin and Shan conflict

Last updated 27/06/2024


Drivers

Conflict

Crisis level

Country

Severity level

3.8 High

Access constraints

4.0

REG011 - Rohingya Regional Crisis

Last updated 27/06/2024


Drivers


Crisis level

Regional

Severity level

4.1 Very High

Access constraints

5.0

Analysis products
on Myanmar

Myanmar: Flooding in Kachin

12 July 2024

Myanmar: Flooding in Kachin

DOCUMENT / PDF / 341 KB

From 29 June, Myanmar’s monsoon season brought heavy rainfall that caused fluvial flooding in the north of the country. The most extensive flooding has occurred Kachin state. At least 31,000 people were evacuated and 26,400 people were reported to be affected by the floods, only some of whom had been evacuated.

Natural hazards

29 February 2024

Reported attacks on healthcare: 2021–2023

Health

29 February 2024

Evolution of IDP numbers and locations: 2021–2023

Displacement

28 February 2024

Humanitarian access situation in Myanmar

Extreme access constraints persist in Myanmar. Armed conflict and security measures, including checkpoints, roadblocks, and curfews, affect humanitarian access. Violence and insecurity resulting from the conflict have internally displaced many towards remote jungles and forests, where access to aid and services is very limited.

 

Around 600,000 Rohingya in Rakhine state continue to be denied citizenship and have limited freedom of movement and access to livelihood opportunities, education, and healthcare. Burdensome bureaucratic processes, travel authorisation denials and delays, visa delays for humanitarians, and banking restrictions hinder the operations of humanitarian organisations in the country.

 

For more details, please visit our thematic page on humanitarian access.

Humanitarian access
Myanmar: three years post-coup

20 February 2024

Myanmar: three years post-coup

DOCUMENT / PDF / 5 MB

The report reviews the evolution of the humanitarian situation across Myanmar in 2023 and early 2024, focusing on key contextual developments and humanitarian trends. It also highlights the response capacity and constraints and provides an outlook for humanitarian developments throughout 2024.

Audio

Attached resources

View more

Security incidents: 2021–2023