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Until 31 March 2025, Tunisia was hosting around 10,700 registered refugees and an unknown number of migrants, although authorities estimate an additional 20,000 undocumented migrants in Sfax city. The lack of documentation among migrants, especially those from sub-Saharan countries, is restricting their movement and access to services. The Government has imposed restrictions preventing them from receiving foreign currency transfers or working since July 2023, leaving them reliant on informal aid. Such restrictions also force them to live in makeshift camps without the money necessary to access basic services. Besides economic restrictions, arbitrary arrests and forced displacement to border areas where there are no services available put their lives in danger. Access to services, including shelter, healthcare, asylum procedures, and legal aid, is disrupted as humanitarian organisations continue to face a government crackdown since May 2024 that includes the arrest of some NGO workers providing assistance to sub-Saharan migrants. (IM 02/05/2025, AI 07/05/2025, Le Monde 08/04/2025)

The conflict in Sudan continues to drive large-scale displacement into Chad, mainly owing to the escalation of violence in Al Fasher town (North Darfur). Clashes between rival armed groups and attacks on civilians here and in other insecure areas are increasing. Chad is the second African country most affected by the Sudan conflict, hosting 28.3% of all Sudanese refugees by May 2025. Between late April and 23 May, more than 47,000 Sudanese refugees arrived in the eastern provinces of Ouaddaï, Sila, and Wadi Fira. This brings the total number of Sudanese refugees hosted in Chad to more than 830,000. Most arrive in extremely vulnerable conditions and settle in spontaneous overcrowded sites lacking adequate shelter, clean water, and sanitation. Nearly half are children, with protection risks increasing, especially for unaccompanied minors. The rainy season (June–September) is expected to worsen humanitarian access, further limiting mobility and supply routes. (UNHCR 19/05/2025, Govt. Chad/WHO 23/05/2025, UNICEF 23/05/2025)

Heavy flooding triggered by three consecutive days of rainfall has affected several counties in Unity state, South Sudan, with at least five deaths and widespread displacement. In Koch county, the floods have destroyed 69 buildings in the main market, damaged nine schools and four churches, and led to the loss of 70 cattle. In Mayendit county, the floods have destroyed the homes of approximately 6,000 people, driving displacement. Rubkona county has reported two deaths, several injuries, and significant damage to schools, health facilities, and homes. The rainy season is expected to worsen the situation, with above-average rainfall predicted between June–August, potentially affecting more people across the country. The current conditions may also contribute to the spread of cholera, already reported in parts of the country. Those displaced urgently need food, clean water, emergency shelter, and medical assistance as the humanitarian situation deteriorates. (Eye Radio 23/05/2025, WFP 26/05/2025, Radio Tamazuj 23/05/2025)