Since 4 October 2026, fighting between the Houthis and the Internationally Recognized Government (IRG) has closed roads and disrupted all major commercial supply routes into Ta’iz city, restricting deliveries of food, fuel, medicines, and other essentials and affecting the city’s 1.5 million population and nearly 115,000 people displaced into or within Ta’iz governorate since September. Compared with pre-siege levels, petrol prices have risen by over 233%, cooking gas by 175%, and drinking water by 50%, further reducing household purchasing power. Wheat and flour stocks in IRG districts would cover only 19 days of consumption, raising concerns over worsening food insecurity. Fuel shortages threaten water pumping, while road access constraints may further disrupt water deliveries. Declining fuel and medical supplies could also force hospitals to suspend emergency care, surgery, intensive care, dialysis, and neonatal services, while disrupting ambulance operations and vaccine cold chains, increasing the risk of preventable deaths. (AJ 11/10/2026, SEMC 10/10/2026, UN 13/10/2026)

Although the voluntary repatriation of Burundian refugees from Tanzania began in 2017, increasing pressure to return and reduced assistance raise concerns about coercion, as refugees face protection risks in Burundi. By 30 September 2026, approximately 42,200 long-term Burundian refugees in Tanzania no longer received assistance; 198,705 were supported to return until 31 January. Ahead of Nduta camp’s closure on 30 April and the planned closure of Nyarugusu on 30 June, refugees faced intimidation, shelter destruction, arbitrary arrests, property confiscation, and reduced access to food, healthcare, WASH, and other services. In Nyarugusu, UN food assistance was suspended from May–July, compelling some to return despite safety fears. In Burundi, perceived opposition returnees may face persecution risks, land disputes, limited livelihoods, and inadequate reintegration support. Some former refugees have sought protection in Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda after leaving Tanzania, suggesting returns may lead to renewed displacement rather than a durable solution. (ISS 18/06/2026, TNH 04/02/2026, UNHCR accessed 14/10/2026)

Since 6 October 2026, heavy rains and strong winds have affected 10,422 people across 13 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul state, around 96% in Santa Maria municipality, where a windstorm felled five trees, damaged the power grid, and blocked two roads. In Bagé, the storm affected 148 people, and 37 homes lost their roofs. In Silveira Martins, it affected 120 people, damaged two infrastructure projects, and blocked two roads. Affected populations likely need emergency shelter, WASH, and healthcare services. Stagnant floodwater may create Aedes mosquito breeding sites, increasing dengue transmission risks where waste management and sanitation are disrupted. On 13 July, the state reported 2,256 confirmed cases and three deaths, although transmission remained low compared with 2025. These impacts may compound unresolved needs from the April–May 2024 floods, which affected nearly 2.4 million people statewide and triggered approximately 775,000 displacements at the emergency's peak. (Leouve 08/10/2026, CEVS/RS 20/07/2026, iDMC 13/05/2025)