Armed clashes in Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika provinces displaced approximately 15,000 people towards villages in Mitwaba territory, Haut-Katanga, between 19–20 October 2026 and an estimated 11,000 towards Kamena and Kabwela localities, Tanganyika, since 21 October. Around Nambya locality, Haut-Lomami, the fighting involved houses being burnt, property looted, community leaders arrested, and civilians killed or abducted. In Tanganyika, clashes around Mpenge and Kasenga-Nganie localities were accompanied by reports of looting and sexual violence. In Mitwaba territory, the displacement is increasing pressure on host communities and heightening needs for protection, shelter, food, healthcare, and WASH. Although no cholera cases have been reported in the conflict-affected areas of Haut-Katanga and Tanganyika, outbreaks elsewhere in both provinces could compound needs if transmission spreads. Approximately 600 cholera cases and 28 deaths were reported across Pweto health zone, Haut-Katanga, and Ankoro health zone, Tanganyika, between late August and 4 October 2026. (Ehtools accessed 28/10/2026, OCHA 21/10/2026, UN 14/10/2026)

Since August 2026, cholera-prone Zambia has recorded 573 cumulative cases, 115 confirmed cases, and 15 deaths across 12 districts in five provinces, yielding a 2.62% case fatality rate by 5 October. While Lusaka district remains the primary hotspot, transmission has expanded across provinces, likely linked to population mobility and poor WASH services in surrounding districts. This crisis is compounded by regional drought limiting access to safe water, with periurban communities relying on shallow wells prone to faecal contamination from nearby pit latrines. The upcoming 2026–2027 El Niño may worsen water stress through high temperatures and dry spells in the south, while heavy rainfall in the north may contaminate water sources. Priority needs include emergency WASH support (chlorination and safe water provision), localised medical care (oral rehydration points and testing kits), oral cholera vaccination, and nutrition monitoring and support for children under five given the projected rise in acute malnutrition. (WHO 21/10/2026, Zambia MGEE 11/09/2026, Lusaka Times 27/10/2026)

Around 40,000 people have fled clashes in and around Ethiopian Moyale, which Somali and Oromia regions jointly administer, into Kenyan Moyale town, Marsabit county. More than 15,000 are in temporary shelters across eight sites (schools, churches, and a hospital), and over 20,000 are with relatives and friends. Food is the most urgent need, followed by safe drinking water, shelter, sanitation, and healthcare. Rainfall and inadequate sanitation, including insufficient toilets at temporary shelters, increase the risk of waterborne disease outbreaks. Maternal healthcare needs are also emerging, with four births reported at two locations. Clashes between regional forces have spread across seven districts in southern Oromia after a disagreement over raising the Somali flag, part of a long-running boundary dispute. Until 30 September, Kenya was hosting 43,434 Ethiopian refugees and asylum seekers out of 879,452. Marsabit leaders say resources are stretched and business in Moyale has stopped. (AS 27/10/2026, KNCHR 27/10/2026, Nation 27/10/2026)