This report analyses the humanitarian needs of Sudanese refugees hosted at the Kumer and Awlala refugee camps, those who left and are sheltering outside, and the factors aggravating the situation in order to support humanitarian decision-making. 

Sudan is anticipating severe humanitarian challenges during the 2024 rainy season, influenced by conflict and environmental factors. The seasonal forecast predicts above-average rainfall and higher-than-average temperatures across southern and central states, with potential La Niña conditions enhancing the rainy season from August–September. 

This report aims to highlight Sudan’s current access situation, using a regional focus to account for regions’ markedly different access situations.

Since 15 April 2023, clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group, have caused widespread displacement. IDPs are moving northwards into River Nile and Northern states, which offer security and potential routes to leave the country altogether. 

The fighting that broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces on 15 April 2023 has displaced over 7.76 million people both inside and outside Sudan. The largest number of IDPs originated from Khartoum state. Around 1.61 million individuals have crossed into neighbouring countries.

Ten months into the war, human rights violations constitute the current protection crisis in Sudan. These violations include the deliberate targeting of civilians, conflict-related sexual violence, and enforced disappearances among others. Humanitarian access challenges resulting from insecurity and obstructions to the aid response compound this complex crisis, further increasing protection needs.

Since 15 April 2023, when conflict erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces, the situation has continued to deteriorate, with over eight million people forcibly displaced. Sudan’s health system has been stretched to near collapse, with reduced capacity despite overwhelming need as disease outbreaks, malnutrition, and non-communicable diseases are on the rise.

This report aims to highlight the roles, capacities, and challenges that Sudanese humanitarians face in responding to the needs of conflict-affected people. Since armed confrontations broke out, the local humanitarian landscape has evolved, but little is known and understood of local capacities.

This report focuses on specific protection threats affecting women and girls, impacts relating to health and nutrition, access to services, and the most affected groups as a result of the conflict that began in April 2023

As at 30 September, the escalation of violence in April had forcibly displaced at least 2.6 million children, the largest in the world. The effects of displacement on children are deep and far-reaching, leaving them vulnerable to a range of physical and psychological challenges and often grappling with feelings of insecurity and uncertainty. 
 

The scenarios consider four different yet plausible futures for Sudan until October 2024, including their possible impacts and humanitarian consequences. Each scenario considers the differences in three main variables: conflict, governance, and socioeconomic conditions. Scenarios identify the potential change in people’s ability to meet their needs.

On 15 April 2023, violence broke out between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces. The violence that started in Khartoum quickly spread to other states, including North Kordofan, resulting in deaths, mass displacement, and the breakdown of essential services.

On 15 April 2023, the alliance between the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces collapsed into violence. The conflict that began in Khartoum has spread across the country, causing death, injuries, displacement, and destruction. The violence has displaced over five million people. The hostilities have not directly affected White Nile, but its safety and proximity to Khartoum have made it a main pathway for people leaving Sudan, providing a critical access point to South Sudan at Kosti.

While some reports document disruptions to water services or the scarcity of resources for the rapidly increasing population in certain states, few have explored how the armed conflict has modified patterns of WASH service use and interacted with the country’s WASH infrastructure and the workers in charge. This report seeks to address this information gap.

Since 15 April 2023, violence in Sudan between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has created a significant surge of people seeking safety in Northern state to attempt to cross into Egypt.

The 2023 conflict in Sudan has led to the damage and destruction of the banking infrastructure in Khartoum, the epicentre of fighting and where banking operators are mainly based. This has significantly affected cash access across the country, even in areas that currently do not have active conflict.

On 15 April 2023, the alliance between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid  Support Forces (RSF) collapsed into violence over a power struggle. The conflict initially  erupted in Khartoum, the capital city of Sudan, but has spread across the country. The SAF and RSF had been recruiting and training  fighters in Darfur since 2022.

On 15 April 2023, the alliance between the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) collapsed into violence. The conflict that began in Khartoum has spread across the country, causing death, injuries, displacement, and destruction. Since 15 April, 70% of all documented political violence incidents in Sudan have occurred in Khartoum state. 

On 15 April 2023, clashes erupted between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in multiple areas of Sudan. While multiple ceasefires have created temporary lulls in fighting, violence continues. As at 6 June, the conflict had resulted in at least 866 deaths and 6,000 injuries according to the Federal Ministry of Health (FMoH).

Since 15 April 2023, intense fighting has been occurring in the capital Khartoum and other parts of the Sudan. The heavy fighting has resulted in forced displacement into neighbouring countries, including Ethiopia, and will have broader implications for conflict in the region.